According to Schachter and Singer㢂¬„¢s Theory
Ethics is the co-operative of philosophy that deals with morality and how it shapes behavior. Different branches of the study of ethics await at where our views of morality come up from and how they shape our everyday lives. There are 4 major upstanding theories: deontology (or duty), utilitarianism, rights, and virtue. Each ane of these theories looks at our ethical behavior in different means.
Deontology
The theory of deontology states that when we have to make ethical decisions, our first thoughts are on our duties and obligations. Co-ordinate to this theory, what nosotros believe our duties are volition bulldoze how we act in different situations. For example, we may brand a conclusion based on post-obit the police or based on our loyalty toward friends or family members.A
The biggest pigsty in the theory of deontology is that there's no standard for what a person's duties and obligations are. Philosophers who don't concur with this theory believe that anybody'due south duties are unlike, so there'south no manner to know what drives a person to make a particular decision.
U tilitarianism
According to the theory of utilitarianism, people cull their actions based on how their decisions volition do good the nearly people. You make a decision that will exist best for anybody involved. At that place are 2 sides to this theory. Act utilitarianism says you will make decisions based on helping others, while rule utilitarianism says yous will act out of fairness.
Those who don't concur with this theory believe that nobody tin predict outcomes, so we can't know what the benefits of our actions will be. Comparing consequences tin can be hard, so some philosophers say that nosotros can't truly make utilitarian decisions.
R ights
The rights theory of ethics says that people brand decisions based on the rights that their guild agrees to. What the majority of people in that guild believes is important volition drive decisions. For case, the rights nosotros Americans have in our Constitution should be factors in our conclusion-making co-ordinate to this theory. Our rights, such as liberty of speech and liberty of religion, should help united states decide how to conduct.
People who don't agree with this theory believe that a society's rights are too complicated to effigy out. They say information technology'southward too hard to tell what almost people retrieve is important to the whole society, so information technology's a messy idea to base decisions on. Societies that don't have written laws like our Constitution make this theory less believable, according to some philosophers.
Five irtue
The ethical theory of virtue states that we can judge a person'due south decisions based on his or her character and morality. The way someone lives his or her life can explain whatsoever ethical determination according to this theory. For example, a person who lies and cheats to become ahead in life probably makes decisions based on advancing his or her own interests co-ordinate to the virtue theory.
The biggest hole in this theory is that people can alter their moral grapheme, and the theory doesn't take changes in morality into account. The virtue theory puts people in boxes based on their reputations at one point in time.
C onsequential Ethics
These four theories fall into 1 of two categories. The outset one, consequential ethics, states that outcomes determine ethical decisions. Therefore, the consequence of a situation makes that determination OK. For instance, it's ethical for you to tell a white lie if it achieves what you demand or want it to.
The theory of utilitarianism falls into this category because the benefit of decisions is the biggest factor. The virtue theory tin can fit into consequential ethics because a person'south reputation can exist based on the consequences of his or her decisions.
N onconsequential Ethics
Nonconsequential ideals is the other side of the coin to consequential ethics. It says that people base of operations their decisions non on the result but on the values and behavior that they agree deeply. In nonconsequential ethics, you'll determine on a situation based on what you believe rather than what may happen. For example, y'all won't prevarication in a situation if you believe that honesty is important.
The theory of deontology falls under this type of ethics considering people brand decisions based on their duty to those around them. Likewise, the rights theory belongs in this category because the rights that order holds dearest are important over any other factor. Virtue could also fit here because people of high moral character can decide based on their values.
Source: https://www.reference.com/world-view/four-major-ethical-theories-fe06344fe488fa54?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740005%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
0 Response to "According to Schachter and Singer㢂¬„¢s Theory"
Post a Comment